مطالعات خاورمیانه

مطالعات خاورمیانه

واکاوی سیاست انگلستان در خلیج‌فارس (2003-1970)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته روابط بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 (نویسنده مسئول)، دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بینالملل، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
3 استاد تمام‌وقت دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران و استاد مدعو گروه روابط بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق، الهیات و علوم سیاسی، واحد
چکیده
خروج انگلیس به­عنوان یک ابرقدرت سنتی از منطقه خلیج‌فارس در اوایل دهه 1970، نقطه‌ عطفی در سیاست خارجی این کشور و نیز روابط منطقه‌ای و بین‌المللی کشورهای حوزه خلیج‌فارس به ‌شمار می‌رود. این مقاله سعی در پاسخ به این پرسش دارد که سیاست‌های منطقه‌ای انگلیس در خلیج‌فارس در بازه‌ زمانی۱۹۷۰ تا ۲۰۰۳ بر چه مبنایی استوار بوده است؟ فرضیه اصلی مقاله این است که سیاست‌های منطقه‌ای انگلستان تابعی از منافع اقتصادی این کشور به‌ویژه مسئله تأمین انرژی از طریق حفظ توازن قوا بین کشورهای منطقه بوده است. بر این اساس، نویسندگان با بهره‌گیری از مدل مایکل برچر و روش تاریخی–تحلیلی‌، ساختار سیاسی داخل حزبی انگلیس که منجر به چرخش نخبگان سیاست خارجی می‌شود را به‌عنوان یک عامل مؤثر محیط عملیاتی بر سیاست خارجی این کشور در منطقه‌ خلیج‌فارس و در موضوع خروج نیروهای نظامی انگلستان از منطقه بررسی کرده‌اند. همین متغیر یکی از عوامل اصلی ورود دیگرباره انگلیس به تحولات منطقه نیز بوده است. نویسندگان به این نتیجه می‌رسند که ساختار دو حزبی حاکم بر انگلیس همواره بر سیاست خارجی این کشور در منطقه خلیج‌فارس تأثیرگذار بوده و این روند تا زمان کنونی نیز ادامه دارد
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