Human is a social being who needs to develop in order to survive and feel secure. In its layers of research, economic development focuses on human relations and management of distribution and production of resources in a country within the concept of political economy. In some countries and regions of the world, throughout the transition to a developed society, importance of social relations and political as well as cultural aspects of society for the production and distribution of wealth has been studied, and concept of political economy developed in the path of growth and development of the country/region which has led to the development of the region at the end. In such societies, policy-making structures as well as the role of individuals and institutions are transparently established in the path of development. In some underdeveloped or developing regions, such as the Middle East, the government manages the sources of wealth and power, but for several reasons, including the absence/inefficiency of public organizations, applicable interaction between the government and people does not take shape. In these societies, political economy will remain in transitional condition due to numerous problems including religious conflicts, multiplicity of ethnic groups, political crises, terror, civil wars, territorial disputes with neighbors, consequences of dependence and colonialism, weak foreign policy, sanctions, etc. In this article, the most serious challenges faced by the Middle East in its path to power projection in the world community will be briefly examined.