The Caspian Sea is one of the special and unique regions of the world, the protection of which has been the subject of many meetings and studies. Given that many studies have been conducted on the "yesterday" situation and a description of the "today" of this geographical region, this study will focus on the drivers affecting the "future" of the Caspian Sea. The question of this study is what are the driving forces influencing the protection of the Caspian Sea? Considering the impact of various factors on the Caspian ecosystem, it seems that a combination of political-legal factors, environmental factors, and geographical factors will be among the drivers affecting the future of this region. The method used in this study is described through cross-effect analysis, in which the basic and influential variables are first extracted from previous studies. Then their weight and importance are evaluated in interviews with experts. Then, using a cross-sectional matrix and the Micmac software, the dispersion and the most important drivers were identified. The results of this research indicate that the legal regime of the Caspian Sea, border conflicts, geopolitical stability, energy resources, and the water level of the Caspian Sea will be among the drivers affecting the futures of the Caspian Sea.