With the onset of the Arab Uprisings in 2011, Turkey’s foreign policy, under the leadership of the Justice and Development Party (AK Party), entered a new phase where identity components arising from political Islam played a more prominent role in determining foreign policy directions. Focusing on the period from 2011 to 2024, this article employs a descriptive-analytical approach to explain how the discourse of political Islam constructed a new identity and set of interests for Turkey, guiding its external behavior in issues such as Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Libya, the Persian Gulf, and the Caucasus. The findings indicate that between 2011 and 2019, the identity weight of political Islam led to increased Turkish interventionism and an attempt to assume leadership of the Sunni world. From 2020 onwards, while maintaining a pragmatic approach, Turkey has sought to play a more active role in the region and the Islamic world, yet it has simultaneously faced growing domestic and international challenges. Based on a constructivist approach, the emergence of the AK Party is the product of domestic and national norms formed through the interaction of secular, nationalist, and Islamist discourses in Turkey, which initially steered the country’s foreign policy toward de-escalation with its neighbors, multilateralism, and balancing regional policies, although it subsequently deviated from many of these policies.