In the evolution of science and technology governance, intermediary institutions such as Centers of Scientific Excellence and academic associations act as key players in aligning knowledge with national priorities. This study employs a qualitative approach and document analysis, examining 47 Centers of Scientific Excellence and 194 scientific associations in Saudi Arabia to analyze their interaction patterns within the framework of Vision 2030. Findings indicate that Centers of Excellence, by focusing on mission-oriented research and developing interdisciplinary fields, are the primary drivers of strategic knowledge production. In contrast, scientific associations serve as bridges between the academic community and the government through specialized networking, advancing professional standards, and fulfilling structured advisory roles. The systematic interaction between these two institutions, supported by oversight and evaluation mechanisms, has led to the emergence of an effective model of networked research governance. A key conclusion for Iran is the necessity of establishing a clear institutional distinction between the functions of mission-driven knowledge production (assigned to Centers of Excellence) and professional scientific regulation (assigned to associations), as well as institutionalizing the advisory role of scientific associations in the policymaking process.