This research examines the complex and longstanding dialectic between the state and society during the constitutional monarchy of Amanullah Khan in Afghanistan (1919-1927). The main research question focuses on identifying the nature of the ruling government in Afghanistan during this period through an analysis of the characteristics of the interaction between the state and society. This era witnessed tensions and changes in the power structure that require careful examination to determine the nature of the established government. The research is based on the framework of “The Narrow Path to Freedom” proposed by Robinson and Acemoglu, which explores the political and economic structures in various societies. This theoretical framework aids in analyzing the interaction between the state and society during the reign of Amanullah Khan. The research question posed is: By focusing on the dialectical interaction of the state and society in Afghanistan from 1919 to 1927, what type of Leviathan emerged during the reign of Amanullah Khan, and what were its characteristics? This research is based on the method of qualitative data analysis from sources. Amanullah Khan’s modernizing reforms faced cultural and social resistances that led to tensions between the state and society. The findings indicate that this dialectical interaction resulted in the formation of a conditional Leviathan with authoritarian characteristics. Despite attempts at modernization, the government during this period continued to maintain its centralized authority.