مطالعات خاورمیانه

مطالعات خاورمیانه

سیاست خارجی متقابل افغانستان و کشورهای حوزه خلیج فارس (قطر و عربستان) در دوران جمهوریت (2021-2002)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه علوم سیاسی/ دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی/ دانشگاه تهران
2 استاد علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/mesj.2026.247793
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر به بررسی الگوها، اهداف و پیامدهای سیاست خارجی افغانستان در قبال دو کشور مهم خلیج فارس می‌پردازد. پرسش اصلی پژوهش این است که چرا و چگونه سیاست خارجی افغانستان در قبال قطر و عربستان سعودی در دوران جمهوریت، با وجود اشتراک منافع ظاهری، نتایج متفاوتی را به همراه داشت؟ روش تحقیق به‌صورت توصیفی و تحلیلی و مبتنی بر مطالعه اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای است. داده‌ها از منابع علمی، اسناد رسمی و گزارش‌های معتبر گردآوری و در چارچوب نظری کی. جی. هالستی تحلیل شده است. نظریه نقش ملی تصوری هالستی، که سیاست خارجی را برآمده از برداشت و ادراک نخبگان سیاسی نسبت به جایگاه کشور در نظام بین‌الملل می‌داند، مبنای اصلی تحلیل بوده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که سیاست خارجی افغانستان در این دوره به دلیل ضعف ساختار سیاسی، وابستگی مالی-امنیتی و نفوذ بازیگران غیردولتی، فاقد انسجام و استقلال بوده است. دراین‌میان، قطر توانست در قالب نقش «میانجی فعال» جایگاه ویژه‌ای در روند صلح افغانستان کسب کند، در حالی‌که عربستان سعودی با رویکردی سنتی، محافظه‌کارانه و متأثر از رقابت‌های منطقه‌ای، نقش محدودتری ایفا کرد. همچنین نقش طالبان به‌عنوان بازیگر غیردولتی کلیدی، موجب کاهش نفوذ عربستان و تقویت جایگاه قطر شد. این تمایز بازتابی از اهداف ژئوپلیتیکی، اولویت‌های استراتژیک و رقابت منطقه‌ای دو کشور در قبال افغانستان طی دوران جمهوریت است. نتیجه نهایی نشان می‌دهد که سیاست خارجی افغانستان انعکاسی از برداشت‌های ذهنی نخبگان و تطابق یا عدم‌تطابق نقش‌های تصوری با واقعیت‌های منطقه‌ای است. این موضوع ضرورت تدوین سیاست خارجی واقع‌بینانه، منعطف و مستقل را برای آینده افغانستان برجسته می‌سازد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Mutual Foreign Policy of Afghanistan and Persian Gulf States (Qatar and Saudi Arabia) during the Republican Era (2002-2021)

نویسندگان English

Marzia Sultani 1
Hamid Ahmadi 2
1 دپارتمان علوم سیاسی/ دانشگاه تهران
2 Professor of Political Science, University of Tehran, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Tehran, Iran. Email: hahmadi@ut.ac.ir
چکیده English

The present research examines the patterns, objectives, and consequences of Afghanistan's foreign policy toward two significant Persian Gulf states.The central research question is: Why and how did Afghanistan's foreign policy toward Qatar and Saudi Arabia during the republican era produce divergent outcomes despite apparent convergent interests?The research methodology is descriptive-analytical, based on documentary and archival studies. Data were collected from scholarly sources, official documents, and credible reports, and analyzed within K.J. Holsti's theoretical framework. Holsti's national role conception theory, which conceptualizes foreign policy as emanating from political elites' perceptions and cognitions of their country's position within the international system, constituted the primary analytical foundation. The findings indicate that Afghanistan's foreign policy during this period lacked coherence and autonomy due to weak institutional structures,financial-security dependencies, and the influence of non-state actors. Within this context, Qatar successfully acquired a distinctive position in Afghanistan's peace process through its role as an "active mediator," while Saudi Arabia, adopting a traditional, conservative approach influenced by regional rivalries, played a more circumscribed role. Furthermore,the Taliban's role as a pivotal non-state actor contributed to the diminishment of Saudi influence while strengthening Qatar's strategic position. This differentiation reflects the geopolitical objectives, strategic priorities, and regional competition between the two states vis-à-vis Afghanistan throughout the republican period.The ultimate conclusion demonstrates that Afghanistan's foreign policy constituted a reflection of elite cognitive frameworks and the congruence or incongruence between conceived roles and regional realities.This underscores the imperative of formulating a pragmatic, adaptive, and autonomous foreign policy for Afghanistan's future strategic orientation.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Afghanistan
Qatar &‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ Saudi Arabia
Republican era
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